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Jordal Amfi is an indoor ice hockey rink located in the Jordal neighborhood of Oslo, Norway. The 4,450-spectator arena is part of the multi-sports complex Jordal Idrettspark and serves as the primary ice rink in Oslo. It is the home of Get-Ligaen side Vålerenga Ishockey and frequently hosts matches of the Norway national ice hockey team. The arena's design by Frode Rinnan and Olav Tveten is characterized by its asymmetrical shape, giving steep and tall stands on the one end and low stands on the other. The venue opened on 12 December 1951 to host the ice hockey tournament at the 1952 Winter Olympics. The venue was built without a roof, but featured the first Nordic artificial ice. Jordal was the site of the 1958 World Ice Hockey Championships and would in the following decades also serve boxing matches. A roof was retrofitted in 1971, which also saw the original 10,000 spectator capacity be reduced through the installation of seats. The venue was most recently upgraded in 1999, in able to co-host the 1999 IIHF World Championship. The site was proposed to host a new arena which is part of the failed Oslo bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics. In 2015, plans were announced to replace the current arena with a new one. Construction is planned to start in early 2017. ==History== When Oslo was awarded the Winter Olympics in 1947,〔Organising Committee for the VI Winter Olympic Games (1952): 20〕 there were no suitable venues to host Olympic ice hockey, as there were no arenas with artificial ice and all ice rinks were part of multi-sports venues. The organizing committee applied for exemption to allow them to use multi-sport venues, but the motion was dismissed.〔Organising Committee for the VI Winter Olympic Games (1952): 30〕 The controversies surrounding ice hockey at the 1948 Winter Olympics, in which two teams arrived in St. Moritz to compete for the United States at the 1948 Winter Olympics, nearly caused the International Olympic Committee to terminate the 1952 competition. However, it was reinstated in 1951.〔Duplacey (1998): 503〕 The use of artificial ice was at the time not obligatory for Olympic ice competitions. It had only been used once before, at the 1936 Winter Olympics. The city had several incentives for building an artificial rink. In addition to the post-Olympic value of having a quality venue, the committee would not have to designated an out-of-town reserve venue, should there be fair weather during the Olympics.〔Andersen (1952): 18〕 Several locations were considered. The main Jordal proponent was Labor-politician Rolf Hofmo, who was instrumental in deciding on the location,〔Kroge (1995): 79〕 which was at the site of a former brickyard, hence the dug-out hill location. This was also the location of Jordal Stadion, a local stadium built between 1930 and 1936.〔Engh (1984): 98〕 The choice of Jordal had the drawback of poor ground conditions and that the site was a hill. This was overcome by the architects Frode Rinnan and Olav Tveten by building the venue into the hill as an amphitheater, hence the name, along with a stage at the low end. Construction was budgeted to cost 2 million Norwegian krone (NOK), but construction cost NOK 4 million.〔 The overruns were largely caused by difficult ground conditions and the hillside location, with a more conventional location estimated to have halved the construction costs.〔Andersen (1952): 19〕 Half a million krone were also spent because the venue used a year to receive a building permit, so the bulk of construction could not start until early 1951, a year after schedule,〔 although preliminary construction started in August 1950.〔 Jordal contributed to more than half the total cost overruns for the 1952 Winter Olympic venues.〔 The inaugural configuration had a capacity for 10,000 spectators. For the Olympics there were installed a time-keeping system from Longines, ten commentator and press desks with telephones and two telephone booths. A 60-kilowatt, 400 lux floodlight system was installed.〔Organising Committee for the VI Winter Olympic Games (1952): 31〕 The venue was inaugurated on 12 December 1951 with a hockey match between Norway and Switzerland. Jordal was the first artificial ice rink in the Nordic Countries,〔 and at the time among the most modern hockey rinks in Europe.〔Andersen (1952): 81〕 In the late 1950s Sonja Henie offered to pay the cost of covering the arena with a roof. This was at the time rejected by the municipality, citing concerns with the venue's architecture being spoiled. However, the lack of a roof placed any event the mercy of the weather, and it gradually became evident that a roof would have to be built. When it was installed in 1971, it was at the cost of the municipality. The stadium was then converted from standing to a seated stands, reducing capacity from 8,000 to 5,000 spectators. It also saw the removal of the stage.〔Kroge (1995): 81〕 This made it Norway's sixth indoor ice rink. The youth rink, built next to Jordal Amfi, opened in 1989, as the twentieth indoor ice hockey rink in the country. The same year the venue received a series of minor upgrades, followed up with a new ventilation and lighting system in 1993 and a new audio system in 1994. Oslo Spektrum opened in 1990 as was planned as the new main venue for ice hockey and handball in Oslo. However, the venue soon turned out to be too expensive for sports, and Jordal soon again became the main ice hockey venue in town. With Norway being awarded the 1999 IIFH World Championships, Oslo Spektrum and its larger capacity were initially considered as the Oslo venue, but was discarded because of the renting cost. Upgrades to Jordal were estimated to cost NOK 25 million and the upgrades were passed by the municipal council in November 1997. The upgrades included four new locker rooms, new seats, upgrades to the technical equipment, a new vestibule, new entrances, better toilets and concessions and the construction of luxury boxes.〔 Construction was heavily delayed; while it was intended to be completed on 8 October 1998, it was finished only days before the opening of the World Championships in May 1999. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jordal Amfi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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